Vol. 2 No. 2 (2017)
La Revue Internationale des Économistes de Langue Française
Published:
30-12-2017
Articles
-
Pour une science économique efficace et une recherche équilibrée
Pourquoi utiliser son temps à explorer les problèmes économiques et y réfléchir ? Pourquoi la société accepte-t-elle de nous rémunérer pour le faire en tant qu'enseiutilité sociale. La question se pose d'ailleurs pour toutes les autres disciplines quelles qu'elles soient, qu'il s'agisse des sciences « dures » ou des disciplines littéraires. Un chercheur en biologie accroît le stock des idées utiles pour proposer de nouveaux produits, directement ou indirectement consacrés à accroître le bien être des consommateurs. Les historiens ou les poètes produisent des connaissances ou des émotions qu'ils offrent à leurs contemporains pour améliorer leur vie et parfois même pour lui donner un sens. On pourrait dire que les diverses disciplines apportent leur contribution au bien être soit de façon immédiate soit détournée par une transmission. En ce qui concerne la science économique ce deuxième aspect est prédominant.(fragment tekstu)
-
Economics in the XXI Century
The last crisis - which official beginning has been Lehman Brothers Bank's collapse at September 2008 - started a new stage of discussion on economics. Discussion especially concerns economics as a science which try to develop theoretical fundaments off macroeconomic policy. Important part of discussion's participants look economic crisis as crisis of economics too. Paper's goal is to present necessary changes to make economics better as a science in sense of better explanation and better prediction. Paper's first part is presentation of contemporary economics as the most exact science among inexact sciences.(original abstract)
-
Social Impact of Mixed Financing in Higher Education. The Chilean Case
Education is a way to fight the social inequality experienced in numerous countries, as it offers an alternative which benefits progress and social development. In Chile, the preoccupation for developing tertiary education coverage since the 70s included structural reforms such as convergence from a financing system based on gratuity to a mixed one supported by the state and private systems, as well as access to loans and scholarships. That allowed a greater number of economically disfavored students to have access to higher education. This study describes and analyzes longitudinally the Chilean situation, particularly from 1990 to 2015. It also applies "Gini inequality coefficient" to education coverage and financing variables, and establishes analogical comparisons of education and equity rates with parameters from CASEN survey references against national and international studies. The research shows that the current financing system had a direct and positive influence on the country social mobility, especially regarding the two first income quintiles.(original abstract)
-
Combien d'Europe(-s) à l'intérieur de l'Union Européenne ? Clivages culturels et décalages économiques
Under the present geopolitical context, the European Union is facing an identity crisis that makes it vulnerable in relation to the big powers of the world. This paper makes an analysis of the cultural cleavages and the economical gaps between the "new" and the "old" Europe, which contribute to this vulnerability. A reflection on how to re-think Europe in order for it to regain stability and prosperity will be made.(original abstract)
-
The Green Economy in Sub-Saharan Africa : an Economy - Environment Decoupling Analysis
This study seeks to extend the understanding of the concept of decoupling and to check if the concept of green economy is a reality in sub-Saharan Africa. Using data extracted from World Development Indicators of the World Bank (WDI-WB, 2015), we observe that the trends of some variables like the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate, the rate of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission per capita, the rate of deforestation, the volume of exports, and many others. Through an impact analysis approach, we find that there is no decoupling between the level of GDP and the volume of exploitation of resources. However, there is decoupling between the GDP and the level of CO2 emission. The measurement of decoupling using the approach by the outcome of the economic activity reveals positive effects such as an increase in renewable energies in the total energy production, the improvement of forest areas and even the access to water from improved sources. Beyond this, a better understanding of the economy-environment relationship in sub-Saharan Africa necessarily passes through the development of «green jobs», eco-activities and their inclusion in regular statistical databases.(original abstract)
-
Statistical Analysis of the Influence of Gravity Effect on Spatial Differentiation of Economic Development of Ukraine
The article conducts a statistical analysis of influence of gravity effect on basic directions of Ukrainian economy development on basis of taxonomical indicators and data of State Statistics Service. Main socio-economic indexes of XXI century are studied that point out the deep crisis of the national economy. Five groups of Ukrainian administrative distribution areas are distinguished : central, northern, southern, western and eastern. The gravity effect is specified for each of them. Basic indexes that stimulate or retard economic development are determined, using the method of taxonomical analysis. Specific gravity for all above-mentioned indexes of groups and for whole Ukraine (in dynamics from 2004 to 2015) is estimated by means of Monte Carlo method. The statistical analysis is carried out with the construction of logarithmic functions on every stimulant and destimulant of the economy growth together with parameters of their statistical significance. The most positive influence, as proven, has a size of wages per month, level of population's employment, migration inflow rate and negative, in its turn, the level of unemployment(original abstract)
-
Simulation of Trajectories of Labour Productivity in Polish Regions; Analysis Based on Gravity Model of Economic Growth
The paper presents the essence of the gravity model of economic growth and the way of calibrating its parameters for the voivodeships in the years 2000-2014. Using the calibrated parameters of the model, numerical simulations were performed. These simulations were used to set the trajectories of labor productivity in the voivodeships in the years 2015-2050. Four different scenarios were considered in the numerical analysis (concerning the structure of investment rates in voivodeships and GDP growth rates of countries bordering Poland). Regardless of the scenario adopted in this analysis, a divergence of labor productivity at the level of the voivodeships would take place. This process would be stronger if the structure of investment rates were to remain at the level of the average for years 2000-2014 in individual voivodships, than if the investment rates were the same for all voivodeships. In addition, numerical simulations confirmed the hypothesis that faster economic growth of countries bordering Poland leads to faster labor productivity growth in all voivodeships.(original abstract)
-
Institutional Problems of the Labor Market in Poland in the Second Decade of the 21st Century
The article focuses on the institutional problems of the labor market in Poland in the second decade of the XXI century. The theoretical background of this research assumes that the different labor market problems are rooted in the institutional environment - the system of formal and informal institutions of this market. Labor market institutions are defined as formal legal regulations (formal institutions), and the attitudes and behaviors of market participants (informal institutions) that influence the quantity of work and wage levels. These institutions are created by the state or they arise spontaneously as a result of economic, political and social changes. In the first part of this article, I will present Poland's place in the rankings of institutional indicators established by the World Economic Forum or Heritage Foundation, in the second - I will analyze the institutional freedom in the Polish labor market and the problem of regulation and deregulation of this market. In the following sections - I will present the labor market interest groups, the institution of the minimum wage and the gender gap as an institutional problem of this market. All analyzes will be carried out for Poland and for some OECD countries.(original abstract)
-
China in Globalization : the Insertion of the Chinese Automotive Sector in Algeria and Morocco
From Bandung to the present day, China's place and role in Africa have evolved considerably. Since the beginning of the 2000s, there has been a shift from politics to economics. China's relations with Africa are not immune to these developments, even though the latter are less advanced, as illustrated by the current low level of inclusion of African countries in the «new silk roads» strategy. The purpose of our contribution will be to show through the will of integration in the Algerian and Moroccan economies of Chinese car manufacturers and suppliers that the shift towards a dominant market logic in the Sino- African relations is also accompanied by a progressive changeover between regional poles. In addition, there will be a hijacking of China's internationalization. Partnerships signed by Chinese companies in the Algerian and Moroccan automobile sectors are less the manifestation of their integration than a modality of the globalization of traditional manufacturers through their Chinese partners. (original abstract)
-
The Determinants oftThe Aggregate Electricity in France
This paper mainly aims to study the aggregate electricity demand in the short and long term for France over the period 1990-Q1 to 2015-Q3. To this end, it uses the "General-to-Specific" econometric methodology to estimate an autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) model. This latest yields a final equation compounded by one cointegrating relation between four variables (electricity consumption, electricity price, gas price and real GDP), and by an error correction mechanism. In the short run, the determinants of electricity demand are essentially made of the occurrence of economic recessions and the variations of temperature.(original abstract)
-
Growth in the Eurozone and the Limits of Articulation of Economics and Politics in the Functionnalist Approach to European Integration
This article is built up on a questioning : do not functionalism and neo-functionalism, that have strongly inspired the European construction, hamper the emergence of an articulation of the economics and the politics necessary at the present stage for the eurozone ? To answer this question three key elements of functionalism will be studied : the théorie de l'engrenage, the use of economics expertise and the will to go beyond the concept of state and sovereignty. It will be shown that the théorie de l'engrenage induces strategic noncooperative games linked to different approaches of the political economy. In order to overcome this hurdle an extensive agreement on a common economic philosophy should be reached at the least. On the other hand, the very strong primacy given to the economy and to the consumption prompts to veil the politics and has preferred the recourse to economic expertise. Finally, Mitrany's functionalism, which is very close to post-modern politics, does not allow us to think about the political aspect of the economic solutions envisaged to emerge from the crisis in the Eurozone. In particular, it does not provide a framework for articulating both the specificities of Europe facing the world and that of European countries facing Europe.(original abstract)
-
Innovation et concurrence : défendre un lien essentiel
Dans le débat opposant les partisans de la politique de la demande à ceux de la politique de l'offre, la référence à l'innovation est omniprésente. La controverse publique somme les citoyens de choisir entre, d'une part, Schumpeter et l'innovation, et, d'autre part, la relance, avec une référence au duo-sommaire !-Marx-Keynes. La référence à Schumpeter, et donc à l'innovation, est d'emblée tellement séduisante qu'elle peut sembler suffire. Mais si l'on est en faveur de l'innovation, on doit encore expliciter comment la promouvoir. Or le moteur évoqué par Schumpeter est des plus elliptiques : pratiquement, le libéralisme économique et les valeurs de la bourgeoisie. Mais ce sont des considérations sociétales et non pas économiques. (fragment tekstu)
-
Déréguler à nouveau la finance ? Le vent qui vient d'Amérique
Dans la lignée du décret présidentiel du 3 février 2017 et du rapport publié le 12 juin 2017, le Trésor consacre un chapitre au positionnement des agences américaines au sein des instances internationales de régulation financière. Il rappelle que, tout en accordant une place importante aux travaux des normalisateurs internationaux, ceux-ci doivent servir la compétitivité de l'industrie financière américaine. Aussi, les agences américaines doivent faire primer les intérêts américains au sein des négociations internationales tout en développant, dans le même temps, des dialogues techniques avec leurs homologues étrangers sur une base bilatérale. Le rapport rappelle en outre la nécessaire amélioration des processus actuels d'élaboration des standards internationaux, qui doivent accorder davantage de place aux études d'impact et aux consultations publiques. (fragment tekstu)
