Vol. 5 No. 1 (2021)
mmmma
Published:
08-03-2022
Articles
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A theory of economic development
Many societies are stuck in development ; to relaunch the process, the article proposes a new theoretical context derived from the MIE-Growth model extended to deve- lopment. The importance of human cultures and their transmission is emphasized, alongside all the more traditional forces of investment. Development is also considerably hampered and sociologically constrained by the existence of pressures on the choices of individuals.(original abstract)
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Testy wytrzymałościowe systemów bankowych w czasie pandemii Covid-19
- Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
- Nullam ut enim et tortor auctor posuere.
- Nulla sagittis nisi sed auctor posuere.
- Fusce efficitur mauris sed suscipit imperdiet.
- Cras at velit hendrerit, vehicula justo a, faucibus ante.
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A theory of economic development
Many societies are stuck in development ; to relaunch the process, the article proposes a new theoretical context derived from the MIE-Growth model extended to deve- lopment. The importance of human cultures and their transmission is emphasized, alongside all the more traditional forces of investment. Development is also considerably hampered and sociologically constrained by the existence of pressures on the choices of individuals.(original abstract)
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Premises for modification of selected economic concepts induced by the COVID-19 pandemic
The authors of the article put forward a thesis about the need of modification or even revision of the way economic sciences (ES) are practiced in ontological, epistemo- logical and methodological aspects.2 It results from the impact of a series of factors that appeared even in the pre-pandemic period, for which COVID-19 may be a complementary, reinforcing circumstance, and even directly determining change. The structure of the article was subordinated to the adopted goal, which is the author's reference to the thesis. As an exemplification of the areas requiring change, eight issues were selected, for which a set of postulates constituting the desired modifications in conducting research in ES was submitted. The main method used in the study is the method of critical analysis of the literature.(original abstract)
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Premises for modification of selected economic concepts induced by the COVID-19 pandemic
The authors of the article put forward a thesis about the need of modification or even revision of the way economic sciences (ES) are practiced in ontological, epistemo- logical and methodological aspects.2 It results from the impact of a series of factors that appeared even in the pre-pandemic period, for which COVID-19 may be a complementary, reinforcing circumstance, and even directly determining change. The structure of the article was subordinated to the adopted goal, which is the author's reference to the thesis. As an exemplification of the areas requiring change, eight issues were selected, for which a set of postulates constituting the desired modifications in conducting research in ES was submitted. The main method used in the study is the method of critical analysis of the literature.(original abstract)
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Wychowawcza rola zajęć komorniczych
- Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
- Nullam ut enim et tortor auctor posuere.
- Nulla sagittis nisi sed auctor posuere.
- Fusce efficitur mauris sed suscipit imperdiet.
- Cras at velit hendrerit, vehicula justo a, faucibus ante.
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Tax mobilization in sub-Saharan Africa : Do illicit financial flows matter?
The objective of this paper is to analyze the contribution of illicit financial flows to the differences in tax rates in sub-Saharan Africa. Our sample contains 18 cooperative countries and 12 non-cooperative countries with respect to the Anti-Money Laundering / Countering the Financing of Terrorism. Using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, we find that the difference in illicit financial flows explains the differences in tax burden.(original abstract)
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Tax mobilization in sub-Saharan Africa : Do illicit financial flows matter?
The objective of this paper is to analyze the contribution of illicit financial flows to the differences in tax rates in sub-Saharan Africa. Our sample contains 18 cooperative countries and 12 non-cooperative countries with respect to the Anti-Money Laundering / Countering the Financing of Terrorism. Using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, we find that the difference in illicit financial flows explains the differences in tax burden.(original abstract)
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Effects of corruption on banking in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)
This paper analyses the effect of corruption on bank lending activity on a sample of 302 private banks from 25 countries in sub-Saharan Africa over the period 1995 to 2018. Using the generalized moments method, we find a negative effect of corruption on bank credit on the one hand, and a positive effect of corruption on non-performing loans on the other hand. This negative effect is empirically verified even if the heterogeneity linked to membership of a regional economic community in which integration is deep (ECOWAS) and membership of the CFA Franc zone is taken into account. These results suggest that anti-corruption policies are crucial in reducing the negative spillover effects generated by a poor institutional environment on access to bank lending and the quality of bank credit.(original abstract)
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Effects of corruption on banking in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)
This paper analyses the effect of corruption on bank lending activity on a sample of 302 private banks from 25 countries in sub-Saharan Africa over the period 1995 to 2018. Using the generalized moments method, we find a negative effect of corruption on bank credit on the one hand, and a positive effect of corruption on non-performing loans on the other hand. This negative effect is empirically verified even if the heterogeneity linked to membership of a regional economic community in which integration is deep (ECOWAS) and membership of the CFA Franc zone is taken into account. These results suggest that anti-corruption policies are crucial in reducing the negative spillover effects generated by a poor institutional environment on access to bank lending and the quality of bank credit.(original abstract)
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Fertilizer subsidies and agricultural productivity in the Senegal River Valley
Several subsidy programs have been initiated in Senegal to improve agricul- tural productivity. Thus, this article aims to analyze the impact of fertilizer subsidies on the productivity of farmers. To do this, we first use the stochastic frontier approach to calculate the efficiency scores and then, a censored two-stage Tobit model to capture the effect of subsidies on producer productivity. Results obtained from survey data collected from 125 households in the Senegal River Valley indicate that fertilizer subsidy programs have significantly improved rice productivity. The results suggest several measures aimed at making these programs more effective.(original abstract)
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Fertilizer subsidies and agricultural productivity in the Senegal River Valley
Several subsidy programs have been initiated in Senegal to improve agricul- tural productivity. Thus, this article aims to analyze the impact of fertilizer subsidies on the productivity of farmers. To do this, we first use the stochastic frontier approach to calculate the efficiency scores and then, a censored two-stage Tobit model to capture the effect of subsidies on producer productivity. Results obtained from survey data collected from 125 households in the Senegal River Valley indicate that fertilizer subsidy programs have significantly improved rice productivity. The results suggest several measures aimed at making these programs more effective.(original abstract)
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International trade, economic growth and environment in Senegal
This paper aimed to bridge the gap in the literature on the relationship between international trade, economic growth and the environment by contributing to a new ana- lysis by country. In this regard, the relationship between international trade and carbon (CO2) emissions was investigated by simultaneously checking the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. From time series data over the period 1971-2016, our methodo- logy relied on cointegration analysis with the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) test approach. The results show that the intensity of international trade decreases CO2 emissions in Senegal. In addition, the analysis confirms the long-term U-shaped hypothesis between CO2 emissions and economic growth.(original abstract)
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International trade, economic growth and environment in Senegal
This paper aimed to bridge the gap in the literature on the relationship between international trade, economic growth and the environment by contributing to a new ana- lysis by country. In this regard, the relationship between international trade and carbon (CO2) emissions was investigated by simultaneously checking the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. From time series data over the period 1971-2016, our methodo- logy relied on cointegration analysis with the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) test approach. The results show that the intensity of international trade decreases CO2 emissions in Senegal. In addition, the analysis confirms the long-term U-shaped hypothesis between CO2 emissions and economic growth.(original abstract)
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Effect of emigration on the structural transformation of the economic community of West African states
The objective of this paper is to study the effect of emigration on the structural transformation of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Structu- ral transformation is measured by the reallocation of labor from the industrial sector and services sector. The dynamic ordinary least squares method is used and has revealed that emigration contributes negatively to the reallocation of labor from the industrial sector. Only the total emigration rate negatively affects the reallocation of labor from the service sector. No statistical relationship exists between other emigration rates and the reallocation of labor from the service sector. ECOWAS countries should encourage policies aimed at capitalizing on the skills of emigrants through summer schools, following the example of the African Development Bank. They should also support industrial development while encouraging the agricultural production of intermediate goods for industrial production. This synergy promotes the reallocation of labor from the agricultural sector to the industrial sector and then to the service sector and leads to the structural transformation of economies, so much desired by the African Union.(original abstract)
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Effect of emigration on the structural transformation of the economic community of West African states
The objective of this paper is to study the effect of emigration on the structural transformation of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Structu- ral transformation is measured by the reallocation of labor from the industrial sector and services sector. The dynamic ordinary least squares method is used and has revealed that emigration contributes negatively to the reallocation of labor from the industrial sector. Only the total emigration rate negatively affects the reallocation of labor from the service sector. No statistical relationship exists between other emigration rates and the reallocation of labor from the service sector. ECOWAS countries should encourage policies aimed at capitalizing on the skills of emigrants through summer schools, following the example of the African Development Bank. They should also support industrial development while encouraging the agricultural production of intermediate goods for industrial production. This synergy promotes the reallocation of labor from the agricultural sector to the industrial sector and then to the service sector and leads to the structural transformation of economies, so much desired by the African Union.(original abstract)
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Determinants of mobile Internet adoption by Malian consumers
This article aims to determine the factors that may explain the adoption of mobile internet in Mali. For this, we used the Logit binary model. This model was estimated by the maximum likelihood method. The data used come from the survey conducted in 2020 by the Research Group in Solidarity and Industrial Economy (GRESI). The results from the econometric estimate show that the adoption of mobile Internet in Mali is explained by age, gender, marital status, professional status, income, price and level of computer training. The results suggest the implementation by the sector regulator of measures allowing greater competition in the Malian mobile Internet market.(original abstract)
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Determinants of mobile Internet adoption by Malian consumers
This article aims to determine the factors that may explain the adoption of mobile internet in Mali. For this, we used the Logit binary model. This model was estimated by the maximum likelihood method. The data used come from the survey conducted in 2020 by the Research Group in Solidarity and Industrial Economy (GRESI). The results from the econometric estimate show that the adoption of mobile Internet in Mali is explained by age, gender, marital status, professional status, income, price and level of computer training. The results suggest the implementation by the sector regulator of measures allowing greater competition in the Malian mobile Internet market.(original abstract)
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Effects of international fund transfers on the use of credit by farmers in Mali
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of remittances from inter- national migrants on the use of credit by farmers in Mali. The propensity score method was used to correct the endogeneity associated with remittances. The study concerns 9040 farmers whose data come from the survey of Agricultural Integrated Market for the 2017-2018 crop year. The results reveal a lack of effect of remittances on the use of global credit by farmers. However, the results according to the sources show a negative effect for formal credit due to input and seed credit from the Malian Textile Development Company (CMDT). Institutional (banking and microfinance) and informal loans were not significant. This lack of effect, on the part of institutional lenders, is linked to the non-use of the chan- nel of formal lenders for remittances and the high level of risk of agricultural activity, on the one hand, and the inability of financial institutions to develop products adapted to the needs of farmers. On the side of the informal lenders, it is justified by the insufficiency of the amounts of the transfers obliging the operators to always resort to this market.(original abstract)
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Effects of international fund transfers on the use of credit by farmers in Mali
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of remittances from inter- national migrants on the use of credit by farmers in Mali. The propensity score method was used to correct the endogeneity associated with remittances. The study concerns 9040 farmers whose data come from the survey of Agricultural Integrated Market for the 2017-2018 crop year. The results reveal a lack of effect of remittances on the use of global credit by farmers. However, the results according to the sources show a negative effect for formal credit due to input and seed credit from the Malian Textile Development Company (CMDT). Institutional (banking and microfinance) and informal loans were not significant. This lack of effect, on the part of institutional lenders, is linked to the non-use of the chan- nel of formal lenders for remittances and the high level of risk of agricultural activity, on the one hand, and the inability of financial institutions to develop products adapted to the needs of farmers. On the side of the informal lenders, it is justified by the insufficiency of the amounts of the transfers obliging the operators to always resort to this market.(original abstract)
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Re-examination of the hypothesis of twin deficits in developing countries : A case study of Congo
This research paper mainly aims to re-examine the hypothesis of twin deficits in Congo using both a linear model and a threshold effect model with public debt as the threshold variable. It comes out that the two models converge and confirm the hypothesis of twin deficits in Congo. However, the only difference is that the threshold effect model determined the public debt threshold at 102.94% which changes the budget deficit path of the external deficit. This public debt threshold is much higher than the public debt sustainability threshold, which is around 40%. The difference between the two public debt thresholds has strong implications upon the economic policy. Thus, for public debt levels below 40%, the problem of rebalancing the external balance does not matter. Between 40% and 102.94%, a gradual fiscal consolidation is recommended to restore external balance. Above 102.94%, shock therapy should be considered first, then gradual fiscal consolidation should be considered when the debt falls below 102.94%.(original abstract)
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Re-examination of the hypothesis of twin deficits in developing countries : A case study of Congo
This research paper mainly aims to re-examine the hypothesis of twin deficits in Congo using both a linear model and a threshold effect model with public debt as the threshold variable. It comes out that the two models converge and confirm the hypothesis of twin deficits in Congo. However, the only difference is that the threshold effect model determined the public debt threshold at 102.94% which changes the budget deficit path of the external deficit. This public debt threshold is much higher than the public debt sustainability threshold, which is around 40%. The difference between the two public debt thresholds has strong implications upon the economic policy. Thus, for public debt levels below 40%, the problem of rebalancing the external balance does not matter. Between 40% and 102.94%, a gradual fiscal consolidation is recommended to restore external balance. Above 102.94%, shock therapy should be considered first, then gradual fiscal consolidation should be considered when the debt falls below 102.94%.(original abstract)
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Foreign direct investments and economic growth in Congo-Brazzaville : A study by the vector approach with error correction (VECM) for the period from 1980 to 2016
This article analyzes the effects of foreign direct investment on economic growth in Congo-Brazzaville over the period from 1980 to 2016. The empirical analysis is based on the vector error correction model (VECM). The results show that in the short term, human capital, net investments and the exchange rate impact economic growth. In the long run, economic growth is affected by foreign direct investment, human capital, terms of trade, net investment, the exchange rate and domestic credits distributed to the private sectors. Moreover, in the short and long term, the econometric results show that human capital, net investments and the exchange rate influence this growth. These results have important implications for economic policy in Congo-Brazzaville.(original abstract)
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Foreign direct investments and economic growth in Congo-Brazzaville : A study by the vector approach with error correction (VECM) for the period from 1980 to 2016
This article analyzes the effects of foreign direct investment on economic growth in Congo-Brazzaville over the period from 1980 to 2016. The empirical analysis is based on the vector error correction model (VECM). The results show that in the short term, human capital, net investments and the exchange rate impact economic growth. In the long run, economic growth is affected by foreign direct investment, human capital, terms of trade, net investment, the exchange rate and domestic credits distributed to the private sectors. Moreover, in the short and long term, the econometric results show that human capital, net investments and the exchange rate influence this growth. These results have important implications for economic policy in Congo-Brazzaville.(original abstract)
