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Urbanisation and CO2 Emissions in Africa: do Governance Matter?
This paper determines how good governance complements or counteracts urbanisation in the fight of environmental degradation, including the reduction of CO2 emissions, for 45 African countries over the period 2000-2014. Governance is measured through the six dimensions of the Kaufman governance indicators. Urbanisation is assessed by the urbanisation rate, which refers to the urban population as a proportion of the total population. The empirical evidence is based on the two-stage generalized method of moments (GMM), which eliminates simultaneity bias and considers cross-country variations. Overall, the results show that good governance has a significant effect on reducing CO2 emissions. It is a means to mitigate the potential effect of urbanisation on environmental degradation. The results recommend that governance must be consider in urbanisation policies to achieve a clean environment.(original abstract)
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Knowledge Management in International Supply Chains
Recently the management of supply chains tends to be oriented at gaining flexibility to changing market conditions, increasing the value delivered to customers or a reduction in operating costs. Internationally supply chain management is supplemented with a large variety of markets and long distances to come which raises new challenges. To deal with it enterpreneurs need to develop new business models based on knowledge. In leading edge supply chains knowledge management has become one of the most important processes. The aim of the article is to analyze the results of research on knowledge management in international supply chains, which was carried out in 2012. The study involved international supply chains at least partially functioning in Poland. The most crucial task was to observe whether and how approaches to knowledge management differ at different stages of supply chain maturity. Therefore, the results were associated with the evaluation of supply chain maturity level according to Poirier's model. Research results allow to look positively at supply chains at the initial stage of improvement - they already show great awareness and considerable commitment in the field of knowledge management. Knowledge management in supply chains characterized by higher levels of maturity requires development, also in the field of collective knowledge management, which has already become their practice. It is now important to confront these research results with the reality that in recent years has revealed advances in knowledge management methods in supply chains, and to pursue new, inspiring research avenues.(original abstract)
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